1. What IS a resume anyway?
Remember: a Resume is a self-promotional document that presents you in the b
est possible light, for the purpose of getting invited to a job interview. I
t''s not an official personnel document. It''s not a job application. It''s not
a "career obituary"! And it''s not a confessional.
2. What should the resume content be about?
It''s not just about past jobs! It''s about YOU, and how you performed and wha
t you accomplished in those past jobs--especially those accomplishments that
are most relevant to the work you want to do next. A good resume predicts h
ow you might perform in that desired future job.
3. What''s the fastest way to improve a resume?
Remove everything that starts with "responsibilities included" and replace i
t with on-the-job accomplishments. (See Tip 11 for one way to write them.)
4. What is the most common resume mistake made by job hunters?
Leaving out their Job Objective! If you don''t show a sense of direction, emp
loyers won''t be interested. Having a clearly stated goal doesn''t have to con
fine you if it''s stated well.
5. What''s the first step in writing a resume?
Decide on a job target (or "job objective") that can be stated in about 5 or
6 words. Anything beyond that is probably "fluff" and indicates a lack of c
larity and direction.
6. How do you decide whether to use a Chronological resume or a Functional o
ne?
The Chronological format is widely preferred by employers, and works well if
you''re staying in the same field (especially if you''ve been upwardly-mobile
). Only use a Functional format if you''re changing fields, and you''re sure a
skills-oriented format would show off your transferable skills to better ad
vantage; and be sure to include a clear chronological work history!
7. What if you don''t have any experience in the kind of work you want to do?
Get some! Find a place that will let you do some volunteer work right away.
You only need a brief, concentrated period of volunteer training (for exampl
e, 1 day a week for a month) to have at least SOME experience to put on your
resume. Also, look at some of the volunteer work you''ve done in the past an
d see if any of THAT helps document some skills you''ll need for your new job
.
8. What do you do if you have gaps in your work experience?
You could start by looking at it differently. General Rule: Tell what you WE
RE doing, as gracefully as possible--rather than leave a gap. If you were do
ing anything valuable (even if unpaid) during those so-called "gaps" you cou
ld just insert THAT into the work-history section of your resume to fill the
hole. Here are some examples:
1993-95 Full-time parent -- or
1992-94 Maternity leave and family management -- or
Travel and study -- or Full-time student -- or
Parenting plus community service
9. What if you have several different job objectives you''re working on at th
e same time? Or you haven''t narrowed it down yet to just one job target?
Then write a different resume for each different job target. A targeted resu
me is MUCH, much stronger than a generic resume.
10. What if you have a fragmented, scrambled-up work history, with lots of s
hort-term jobs?
To minimize the job-hopper image, combine several similar jobs into one "chu
nk," for example:
1993-1995 Secretary/Receptionist; Jones Bakery, Micro Corp., Carter Jewelers
-- or
1993-95 Waiter/Busboy; McDougal''s Restaurant, Burger King, Traders Coffee Sh
op.
Also you can just drop some of the less important, briefest jobs. But don''t
drop a job, even when it lasted a short time, if that was where you acquired
important skills or experience.
11. What''s the best way to impress an employer?
Fill your resume with "PAR" statements. PAR stands for Problem-Action-Result
s; in other words, first you state the problem that existed in your workplac
e, then you describe what you did about it, and finally you point out the be
neficial results.
Here''s an example: "Transformed a disorganized, inefficient warehouse into a
smooth-running operation by totally redesigning the layout; this saved the
company thousands of dollars in recovered stock."
Another example: "Improved an engineering company''s obsolete filing system b
y developing a simple but sophisticated functional-coding system. This saved
time and money by recovering valuable, previously lost, project records."
12. What if your job title doesn''t reflect your actual level of responsibili
ty?
When you list it on the resume, either replace it with a more appropriate jo
b title (say "Office Manager" instead of "Administrative Assistant" if that''
s more realistic) OR use their job title AND your fairer one together, i.e.
"Administrative Assistant (Office Manager)"
13. How can you avoid age discrimination?
If you''re over 40 or 50 or 60, remember that you don''t have to present your
entire work history! You can simply label THAT part of your resume "Recent W
ork History" or "Relevant Work History" and then describe only the last 10 o
r 15 years of your experience. Below your 10-15 year work history, you could
add a paragraph headed "Prior relevant experience" and simply refer to any
additional important (but ancient) jobs without mentioning dates.
14. What if you never had any "real" paid jobs -- just self-employment or od
d jobs?
Give yourself credit, and create an accurate, fair job-title for yourself.
For example:
A&S Hauling & Cleaning (Self-employed) -- or
Household Repairman, Self-employed -- or
Child-Care, Self-employed
Be sure to add "Customer references available on request" and then be prepar
ed to provide some very good references of people you worked for.
15. How far back should you go in your Work History?
Far enough; and not too far! About 10 or 15 years is usually enough - unless
your "juiciest" work experience is from farther back.
16. How can a student list summer jobs?
Students can make their resume look neater by listing seasonal jobs very sim
ply, such as "Spring 1996" or "Summer 1996" rather than 6/96 to 9/96. (The w
ord "Spring" can be in very tiny letters, say 8-point in size.)
17. What if you don''t quite have your degree or credentials yet?
You can say something like:
Eligible for U.S. credentials -- or
Graduate studies in Instructional Design, in progress -- or
Master''s Degree anticipated December 1997
18. What if you worked for only one employer for 20 or 30 years?
Then list separately each different position you held there, so your job pro
gression within the company is more obvious.
19. What about listing hobbies and interests?
Don''t include hobbies on a resume unless the activity is somehow relevant to
your job objective, or clearly reveals a characteristic that supports your
job objective. For example, a hobby of Sky Diving (adventure, courage) might
seem relevant to some job objectives (Security Guard?) but not to others.
20. What about revealing race or religion?
Don''t include ethnic or religious affiliations (inviting pre-interview discr
imination) UNLESS you can see that including them will support your job obje
ctive. Get an opinion from a respected friend or colleague about when to rev
eal, and when to conceal, your affiliations.
21. What if your name is Robin Williams?
Don''t mystify the reader about your gender; they''ll go nuts until they know
whether you''re male or female. So if your name is Lee or Robin or Pat or any
thing else not clearly male or female, use a Mr. or Ms. prefix.
22. What if you got your degree from a different country?
You can say "Degree equivalent to U.S. Bachelor''s Degree in Economics-Tehera
n, Iran."
23. What about fancy-schmancy paper?
Employers tell me they HATE parchment paper and pretentious brochure-folded
resume "presentations." They think they''re phony, and toss them right out. U
se plain white or ivory, in a quality appropriate for your job objective. Ne
ver use colored paper unless there''s a very good reason for it (like, you''re
an artist) because if it gets photo-copied the results will be murky.
24. Should you fold your resume?
Don''t fold a laser-printed resume right along a line of text. The "ink" coul
d flake off along the fold

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